Biological Characteristics Of Aquilaria Crassna Pierre (Part 1)
1.1 Morphology
Aquilaria Tree trunk:
Aquilaria crassna Pierre, a tree spicies grow up to 30-40 m high, but commonly between 15 and 25 m. Diameter at breast height is about 60 cm. The bark is white coloured, smooth, tough, and fibrous, and is easy to peel off. Wood is yellow coloured and soft with density of 0.395. Young shoots are soft hairy with gray colour.
Aquilaria Left:
Leaves are alternate, coriaceous, elliptical, glossy and green on the upper surface, light coloured on the lower surface. Blade is 8-15 cm long and 4-6 cm wide. Petiole is hairy and 4-5 mm long.
Aquilaria Flowers:
Inflorescense is umbellate, axillary or terminal. Flowers are bisexual with white gray colour, fragrant and fine-haired. Floral tube is campanulate.
Aquilaria Fruits:
Fruits are flattened, dehiscent, obovoid capsules, 4 cm long, 3cm wide, and 2 cm thick with 2 valves (peel off when ripe), each with 1 seed.
Aquilaria Seeds:
There are two parts, the upper part of the cone and the extension at the bottom. Seeds are brown when ripe, the hard woody outer shell, soft interior contains more oil. Seeds of Aquilaria crassna Pierre is short lived, and is not stored for a long time. In nature, when ripe seeds fall on the ground and, if there is enough moisture in the air, seeds will automatically germinate. If seeds are stored longer than a week, the germination rate will be decrease down to 80% or seeds are not able to germinate.
Aquilaria flowering and fruiting habitat:
After being brown about 4-5 years, Aquilaria crassna Pierre begin to bloom. Flowering time depends on weather conditions of reach region. In Central of Vietnam, Aquilaria crassna Pierre blooms in calendar March and fruits are ripe in calendar July each year. In the southern Vietnam, flowering time is in calendar February and ripening in calendar May or June.
1.2 Ecology
In nature, Aquilaria crassna Pierre is a neutral tree spicies. At early life cycle, this spicies prefers shading, which can regenerate under the forest canopy but requires canopy openings for subsequent growth. This tree species occurs scatters in primary or secondary evergreen tropical forests, and easily adapts to mixed broadleaved forests. This species is able to germinate by seeds or shoots, grows well on areas at 300 to 1,000 m above sea level, but is most concentrated in areas with an altitude of 700 m, and is well suited in areas with slopes at minimum 25oC. However, Aquilaria crassna Pierre can grow well on areas at 40 m above sea level.
Weather factor:
a,Light: Aquilaria crassna Pierre, when young, is well suited in shady areas. At nursery stage, seedlings need to be covered with 60 – 70% from light for a period of up to 6 months of age. At the age of 2 or 3, seedlings, if fully covered, grow well.
b,Temperature: Aquilaria crassna Pierre is able to grow and develop well between 15oC and 30oC , but the most appropriate temperature is between 22oC and 29oC
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